VERTIGO & DIZZINESS DISORDERS
VERTIGO & DIZZINESS DISORDERS
Vertigo is a sensation of spinning or turning, even when there is no actual movement. The term originates from the Latin word “verter,” meaning “to turn,” and the English word “whirling.” The intensity of this feeling can range from barely noticeable to severe, making it challenging to maintain balance and perform daily activities. It may be accompanied by symptoms such as nausea, dizziness, and lightheadedness.
Medical professionals classify the causes of vertigo into two groups based on whether the issue originates in the central nervous system (brain) or the vestibular system (peripheral). In the brain, vertigo can be caused by conditions such as cerebrovascular disease, migraines, multiple sclerosis (MS), or acoustic neuroma. In the vestibular system, it can be attributed to benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) triggered by specific head movements, inner ear infections (labyrinthitis), inflammation of the vestibular nerve (vestibular neuronitis), or even fever, tinnitus (ringing in the ears), and hearing loss.
Typically, vertigo occurs when small particles known as otoconia become dislodged from the utricle in the inner ear and enter the semicircular canals. The most common treatment for this condition is the Epley Maneuver, which is used to address BPPV affecting the posterior or anterior canals. This technique involves repositioning the free-floating otolith crystals back into the utricle, using gravity. By doing so, the maneuver alleviates symptoms for many individuals with BPPV, as the particles no longer stimulate the cupula, a component of the vestibular system responsible for spatial orientation. Some individuals may require additional treatments, and if symptoms persist, it is advisable to consult a physical therapist.